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Latest Depression Treatments

If your depression doesn't get better with antidepressants and psychotherapy, new drugs that act quickly may be able to treat treatment-resistant depression.

SSRIs also known as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are the most commonly prescribed and well-known antidepressants. These antidepressants work by altering the way the brain uses serotonin.

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) assists you in changing negative thoughts and behaviors like hopelessness. It is available on the NHS for 8 to 16 sessions.

1. Esketamine

In March 2019, the FDA approved a brand new nasal spray for depression, called esketamine. (Brand name Spravato). It is made from the anesthetic ketamine which has been proven ways to treat depression aid in the treatment of severe cases of depression. The nasal spray can be used with an oral antidepressant in order to treat depression that hasn't responded to standard medication. In one study, 70% of people with treatment resistant depression who received this medication responded well - a much more rapid response rate than using an oral antidepressant.

Esketamine is different from traditional antidepressants. It increases the levels of neurotransmitters in the brain that transmit messages between brain cells. The results aren't immediate. Patients generally feel better after a few days, but effects last longer than SSRIs and SNRIs.

Researchers believe that esketamine helps reduce depression symptoms by strengthening brain cell connections. In animal studies, esketamine reversed these connections that are damaged through depression and chronic stress. Additionally, it appears to stimulate the development of neurons that help reduce suicidal thoughts and feelings.

Another reason esketamine stands out from other antidepressants is the fact that it is administered via nasal sprays that allows it to get into the bloodstream more quickly than pills or oral medication can. The drug has been shown by studies to decrease depression symptoms within a matter of hours. In some instances the effects may be instantaneous.

However the results of a recent study that followed patients for 16 weeks showed that not all who began treatment with esketamine was in remission. This is not surprising, according to Dr. Amit Anand, an expert on ketamine who was not involved in the study.

At present, esketamine is only available through an experimental clinical trial program or private practices. It isn't considered a first-line treatment option for depression and is typically prescribed when SSRIs or SNRIs have not worked for a person with treatment-resistant depression. Doctors can determine if the condition is not responding to treatment and then discuss whether esketamine may be beneficial.

2. TMS

TMS makes use of magnetic fields to stimulate nerve cells in the brain. It is non-invasive and does not require anesthesia or surgery. It has been shown to help patients suffering from depression who have not been able to respond to medication or psychotherapy. It is also used to treat the disorder of obsessive compulsiveness and tinnitus (ringing in the ear).

TMS treatment for depression is usually delivered in a set of 36 daily treatments spread out over six weeks. The magnetic pulses are similar to a series of pinpricks on the scalp, and may be a little difficult to get used to. After an appointment, patients can return to work or home. Each TMS session can last between 3.5 minutes and 20 minutes, based on the stimulation pattern.

Scientists believe that rTMS changes the way that neurons communicate. This process, referred to as neuroplasticity, enables the brain to create new connections and modify its function.

TMS is FDA approved to treat depression in cases that other treatments such as talk therapy and medication have not been successful. It has also been proven to aid people suffering from tinnitus, OCD and pain. Scientists are currently examining whether it could be used to treat Parkinson's disease.

TMS has been proven to improve depression in a number studies, however not every person who receives it benefit. Before attempting this type of treatment, it is important to undergo an extensive medical and psychiatric evaluation. If you have any history of seizures or are taking certain medications, TMS might not be right for you.

If you've been suffering from depression but aren't getting the benefits from your current treatment plan, a chat with your psychiatrist might be beneficial. You may be eligible for the TMS trial or other forms of neurostimulation. But, you must first try several antidepressants before your insurance will cover the cost. If you're looking to learn more about these life-changing treatments, contact us today for a consultation. Our specialists will guide you in determining if TMS treatment is suitable for you.

3. Deep stimulation of the brain

A non-invasive therapy that rewires the brain's circuitry may be effective in just one week for those suffering from treatment-resistant depression. Researchers have devised new methods that enable them to deliver high-dose magnetic impulses to the brain in a shorter period of time and on a schedule that is more suitable for patients.

Stanford neuromodulation therapy, now available in the Advanced Psychiatric Therapeutics Clinic at the UC Davis Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences It uses MRI images to direct electrodes to send magnetic pulses into specific brain regions. In a study conducted recently, Mitra & Raichle found in three quarters of patients with depression that the normal neural activity was disrupted, shifting from the anterior cortex to the anterior isola. SNT returned that flow to normal within a few days, coinciding perfectly with the end of depression.

A more invasive procedure called deep brain stimulation (DBS) can produce similar results in some patients. Neurosurgeons will perform a series tests to determine the most appropriate placement before implanting one or more leads in the brain. The leads are connected to a neurostimulator implanted under the collarbone, which appears like a heart pacemaker. The device is able to deliver an uninterrupted electric current through the leads. This alters the brain’s natural circuitry, decreasing recurrent depression treatment symptoms.

Some psychotherapy treatments may also help alleviate depression symptoms, such as cognitive therapy for behavioral disorders and interpersonal therapy. Psychotherapy can be delivered in one-on-one sessions with a mental health professional, or in a group setting. Some psychotherapists provide the option of telehealth.

Antidepressants are the mainstay of treatment for depression. In recent times, however, there have been significant advancements in the speed at which they can alleviate depressive symptoms. Newer drugs, such as gepirone (Exxua), esketamine (Spravato), brexanolone (Zulresso) and dextromethorphan-bupropion (Auvelity), all have been shown to work faster than older antidepressants.

Other treatments employ magnetic or electric stimulation to stimulate the brain, for example electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). These are more complicated procedures that need to be performed under the supervision of a doctor. In some cases they can cause seizures or other serious adverse effects.

4. Light therapy

Bright light therapy, which entails working or sitting in front of a bright artificial light source, has been known for many years to treat major depression disorder through seasonal patterns (SAD). Research suggests that bright light therapy can help reduce symptoms such as sadness and fatigue by boosting mood and regulating circadian rhythms. It is also beneficial for those who suffer from depression that is sporadic.

Light therapy mimics sunlight, which is a major component of a biological clock called suprachiasmatic (SCN). The SCN is linked how to treat depression and anxiety without medication mood and light therapy may rewire misaligned circadian rhythm patterns that can contribute to depression. Light therapy can also decrease melatonin and restore the function of neurotransmitters.

Some doctors are also using light therapy to treat a less severe form of depression called winter blues. It's similar to SAD but is less common and only happens in the months with the least daylight. They suggest sitting in the light therapy box every morning for 30 minutes while awake to gain the most benefits. Light therapy produces results in the space of a week, unlike antidepressants which can take a long time to kick in and may trigger side effects such as nausea or weight gain. It's also safe during pregnancy and for those who are older.

Researchers advise against using light therapy under the supervision of a mental health professional or psychiatrist, since it could cause manic episodes in those with bipolar disorders. Some people may experience fatigue within the first week due to the fact that light therapy can reset their sleep-wake pattern.

PCPs must be aware of new treatments that have been approved by the FDA, but they shouldn't neglect tried-and-true methods like antidepressants and cognitive behavioral therapy. "The search for more effective and innovative treatments is exciting, but we must keep focusing on the most effective treatments," Dr. Hellerstein says to Healio. He says PCPs should concentrate on educating their patients on the benefits of new options and helping patients adhere to their treatment resistant depression treatment strategies. This can include providing transportation to the doctor's office or establishing reminders to patients to take their medication and attend therapy sessions.